1) Duit Mengalir Tak Putus*
Tuesday, August 26, 2025
URA - RUU - Dongeng 1
URA -
Ya, bentuk reformasi tanah bandar sering menggantikan golongan berpendapatan rendah, terutamanya dalam kes pembesaran bandar atau projek pembangunan semula pesat yang melibatkan pemindahan paksa, pampasan tidak adil dan penukaran penempatan tidak formal sedia ada. Projek-projek ini sering menolak penduduk yang terdedah keluar dari kawasan bandar tengah, memaksa mereka untuk berpindah ke kawasan pinggir bandar atau pinggir tanpa infrastruktur atau perkhidmatan yang mencukupi, memburukkan lagi ketidaksamaan yang sedia ada.
Sebab Perpindahan
Penempatan Semula Paksa dan Pembangunan Semula:
Peluasan bandar dan penjanaan semula kawasan bandar lama sering membawa kepada perpindahan penduduk berpendapatan rendah dari rumah dan komuniti mereka, seperti yang dilihat dalam pembandaran pesat China.
Pasukan Pasaran dan Campur Tangan Kerajaan:
Mekanisme dwi-landasan yang didorong oleh kuasa pasaran dan kuasa kerajaan boleh mengukuhkan perpindahan kumpulan yang terdedah, membawa kepada penumpuan mereka di kawasan yang kurang diingini jauh dari pusat bandar.
Kekurangan Rumah dan Tanah Mampu Milik:
Cabaran utama dalam perumahan golongan miskin bandar adalah kekurangan tanah yang sesuai pada jarak yang munasabah dari tempat kerja dan projek perumahan mampu milik.
Pasaran Perumahan Tidak Formal:
Pasaran perumahan tidak formal sedia ada, terutamanya di penempatan setinggan, boleh mewujudkan konflik kepentingan yang menghalang pembangunan semula dan membawa kepada perpindahan penduduk.
Akibat Perpindahan
Peningkatan Konflik Sosial:
Penempatan semula secara paksa boleh membawa kepada konflik sosial yang teruk dan bantahan daripada penduduk yang terjejas, selalunya disebabkan oleh pampasan yang tidak adil atau kekurangan perundingan yang sewajarnya, menurut ResearchGate.
Pinggiran bandar orang Miskin:
Penempatan semula individu dan kumpulan berpendapatan rendah ke kawasan pinggir bandar hasil daripada projek penjanaan semula bandar, yang dikenali sebagai suburbanisasi, adalah hasil biasa.
Perumahan yang Tidak Saksama dan Ketaksamaan Bandar:
Kekurangan tanah bandar yang sesuai dan mampu milik untuk golongan miskin dan perpindahan dari kawasan tengah boleh memburukkan lagi ketidaksamaan bandar.
Strategi Mitigasi
Program Pengezonan dan Perumahan Inklusif:
Melaksanakan program zon inklusif dan perumahan boleh membantu menggabungkan golongan miskin bandar ke dalam pembangunan bandar yang dirancang dengan menangani kegagalan pasaran.
Perancangan Berasaskan Komuniti:
Melibatkan komuniti yang terjejas dan menggabungkan keutamaan mereka dalam dasar perancangan spatial adalah penting untuk menyelesaikan konflik dan memudahkan pembangunan semula bandar yang inklusif.
Dasar Tanah dan Perumahan yang Diperbaiki:
Perancang bandar dan penggubal dasar boleh menggalakkan kemasukan golongan miskin bandar dengan mewujudkan dasar yang memastikan akses kepada tanah yang mampu dimiliki dan diservis dalam jarak perjalanan yang berpatutan.
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Walaupun kewujudan satu "akta reformasi bandar" yang boleh digunakan secara universal yang menggantikan kumpulan berpendapatan rendah tidak diiktiraf, anjakan tersebut merupakan kesan sampingan yang didokumentasikan dengan baik dan kerap daripada dasar pembaharuan bandar di bandar-bandar di seluruh dunia. Pengkritik kerap menuduh dasar ini menyebabkan gentrifikasi, di mana pembangunan semula meningkatkan nilai hartanah dan kos sara hidup, memaksa penduduk asal berpindah.
Faktor dalam pembaharuan bandar yang menyumbang kepada anjakan
Beberapa faktor biasa dalam dasar dan projek pembaharuan bandar dikritik kerana menyebabkan perpindahan masyarakat berpendapatan rendah:
Mengurangkan ambang persetujuan: Di sesetengah negara, seperti Malaysia, Akta Pembaharuan Bandar yang dicadangkan telah mencetuskan kontroversi kerana menurunkan kebenaran yang diperlukan daripada pemilik hartanah untuk pembangunan semula. Dengan membenarkan majoriti mengatasi minoriti yang tidak bersetuju, dasar sedemikian boleh memaksa penduduk yang tidak mahu menjual harta mereka.
Pengambilan tanah dan pampasan: Pengkritik berpendapat bahawa pampasan untuk tanah dalam pembangunan semula selalunya diserahkan kepada penilai yang dilantik oleh kerajaan dan mungkin tidak mencerminkan kadar pasaran, menyebabkan pemilik hartanah berpendapatan rendah mempunyai kuasa tawar-menawar yang kecil. Keadaan ini boleh mengakibatkan pengambilan tanah yang tidak adil dan pengusiran paksa.
Projek didorong oleh pemaju: Apabila pembangunan semula didorong oleh pemaju swasta dan bukannya agensi awam, ia boleh mengutamakan keuntungan berbanding keperluan komuniti. Ini boleh membawa kepada perobohan rumah mampu milik dan digantikan dengan unit mewah, memenuhi keperluan penduduk yang lebih kaya dan mempercepatkan gentrifikasi.
Mengabaikan konteks sosial dan sejarah: Dasar yang tertumpu terutamanya pada umur atau keadaan bangunan gagal mengambil kira struktur sosial, etnik dan budaya masyarakat. Pendekatan ini boleh memadamkan warisan kejiranan dan menggantikan populasi berakar sejarah.
Akibat kepada penduduk berpendapatan rendah
Apabila dasar pembaharuan bandar membawa kepada perpindahan, kumpulan berpendapatan rendah sering menghadapi akibat negatif yang teruk:
Kesusahan ekonomi: Dipaksa keluar dari rumah mereka, keluarga berpendapatan rendah sering ditolak ke kawasan kejiranan berpendapatan rendah dan kurang sumber. Ini boleh memburukkan keadaan kewangan mereka dan menghalang mobiliti ekonomi mereka.
Gangguan komuniti: Penempatan semula secara paksa boleh mengganggu rangkaian sosial yang mantap dan perpaduan komuniti, kerana penduduk kehilangan jiran dan sistem sokongan mereka yang telah lama.
Kepekatan kemiskinan: Perpindahan penduduk berpendapatan rendah dari pusat bandar yang digiatkan semula boleh membawa kepada peningkatan penumpuan kemiskinan di lokasi baharu, apabila orang yang dipindahkan berpindah ke kawasan kejiranan miskin yang lain.
Hakisan budaya: Projek pembaharuan bandar yang tidak mengutamakan pemeliharaan budaya boleh menyebabkan kehilangan watak dan identiti unik kejiranan, yang sering dikaitkan dengan penduduk jangka panjangnya.
Mengurangkan anjakan dalam pembaharuan bandar
Sesetengah perancang bandar dan penggubal dasar menyokong strategi untuk menjadikan pembangunan semula lebih saksama dan mencegah perpindahan:
Perancangan berfokuskan komuniti: Libatkan penduduk dan perniagaan tempatan dalam proses perancangan untuk memastikan perspektif yang pelbagai dipertimbangkan.
Utamakan rumah mampu milik: Peruntukkan sumber untuk rumah mampu milik untuk mengelakkan perpindahan dan menggalakkan kesaksamaan sosial.
Strategi pembaharuan di tapak: Daripada memindahkan penduduk, laksanakan strategi untuk menggiatkan semula dan menambah baik penempatan berpendapatan rendah di tempat.
Pembangunan pendapatan campuran: Mengintegrasikan jenis perumahan yang berbeza, termasuk unit mampu milik, ke dalam projek pembangunan semula untuk menggalakkan kepelbagaian sosial.
Mengukuhkan perlindungan undang-undang: Wujudkan perlindungan undang-undang yang lebih kukuh untuk penyewa dan pemilik rumah untuk memastikan pampasan yang adil dan proses yang wajar dalam kes pembangunan semula.
URA 2
Challenging Heritage in Post-Nation Britain
This edited collection
re-examines the concept of heritage in a multicultural Britain, inspired by
Stuart Hall's foundational work.
- The book critiques elitist notions of heritage
in Britain.
- It addresses the impact of populist
discourses, such as Brexit and culture wars, on heritage narratives.
- The authors, predominantly Black Britons,
respond to systemic racism and advocate for inclusive heritage practices.
- The volume is aimed at academics, culture
sector practitioners, and community members, particularly those
identifying as Black.
Stuart Hall's Influence on
Heritage Discourse
Stuart Hall's work serves as a
catalyst for rethinking heritage as a dynamic and inclusive concept.
- Hall's 1999 speech "Whose Heritage?"
challenged Eurocentric views of British heritage.
- He emphasized the importance of recognizing
diasporic traditions and creativity in heritage narratives.
- Hall argued for a more culturally diverse and
socially just society, holding institutions accountable for
representation.
- His critique remains relevant, as many issues
identified over 20 years ago persist today.
The Role of Activism in Heritage
Activism plays a crucial role in
addressing inequalities within the heritage sector.
- The Black Lives Matter movement has
intensified discussions around heritage and representation.
- Activists and scholars are working to confront
structural inequalities in UK public heritage bodies.
- The book highlights ongoing struggles and
efforts to reshape heritage narratives to be more inclusive.
- It emphasizes the need for accountability and
responsiveness to Black communities' needs in heritage practices.
Definitions and Language in
Heritage Context
The collection navigates complex
definitions of race and identity within the context of heritage.
- The term "Black" is capitalized to
denote racial identity, while "white" remains lowercase.
- The authors grapple with the implications of
using umbrella terms like "political Blackness."
- There is an ongoing search for language that
accurately represents diverse experiences without erasure.
- The editors advocate for allowing individuals
to define their identities and remain open to evolving language.
Structure and Themes of the Book
The book is organized into four
thematic parts, each addressing different aspects of heritage.
- Part I features Hall's original essay and its
impact on heritage discourse.
- Part II focuses on historical production and
the institutional challenges in representing diverse narratives.
- Part III explores Black representation in arts
and culture, emphasizing creative practices.
- Part IV presents final provocations and
reflections on the future of heritage in a post-nation context.
BBC's Play for Today and
Multiculturalism
The chapter discusses the BBC's
Play for Today series and its role in reflecting multicultural Britain.
- The series aired from 1970 to 1984 and focused
on new works addressing social issues.
- Barrie Keeffe's plays, "Waterloo
Sunset" (1979) and "King" (1984), are highlighted as early
reflections of multiculturalism.
- Despite the lack of Black creatives in
production roles, these works paved the way for contemporary artists like
Michaela Coel and Steve McQueen.
Media Representation and Power
Dynamics
Tina Gharavi examines who
controls cultural representations in British film and documentary.
- The chapter titled "Narrative
Cannibals" interrogates power relations in cultural productions,
especially in ethnography.
- Gharavi discusses her documentaries,
"Mother/Country" (2003) and "Tribalism Is Killing Us"
(2019), as examples of new narrative strategies.
- The chapter emphasizes the democratization of
media and the emergence of immigrant narratives in mainstream discourse.
Teaching the Transatlantic Trade
in Enslaved Africans
Beverley Prevatt Goldstein
reflects on the education of the transatlantic trade in enslaved Africans in UK
schools.
- The chapter challenges assumptions about the
inclusion of minority heritages in national narratives.
- It focuses on the Caribbean diaspora's
experience and the complexities of heritage portrayal.
- Goldstein argues for a nuanced understanding
of heritage's impact on marginalized communities globally.
Re-imagining Heritage in the UK
Etienne Joseph questions the
differences between preservation and the production of new cultural works.
- The chapter "Brand New Second Hand"
critiques materialist approaches to heritage.
- Joseph invokes Stuart Hall's concept of
cultural repertoire to advocate for living engagements with the past.
- The chapter encourages moving beyond
established heritage paradigms through African/Diasporic cultural
frameworks.
Structural Changes for a
Post-nation
R.M. Lewis discusses the need
for structural changes in heritage narratives to align with Hall's vision of a
post-nation.
- The chapter "Crisis of Authority"
calls for personal and institutional actions to decolonize heritage
practices.
- Lewis shares her experiences in community
development and the importance of intersectional perspectives.
- The chapter emphasizes the role of tools like
the UN's CEDAW feedback model in enacting change.
The Power of Creative
Representation
Degna Stone explores the
strength of creative works in expressing heritage and identity.
- The chapter "The Power to Represent"
connects poetry and heritage, reflecting on the intersectionality of
cultural identity and race.
- Stone argues against the artificial
segregation of cultural identities, advocating for unity among
working-class groups.
- The chapter features contributions from four
poets responding to themes in Hall's work, emphasizing the importance of
diverse voices in heritage narratives.
Continuing the Conversation on
Heritage
The volume concludes by
acknowledging the ongoing challenges in representing diverse heritages.
- It highlights the need for further discussions
on normative ideas of heritage in the UK and globally.
- The text encourages readers to engage with the
question of "Whose Heritage?" to understand power relations in
heritage narratives.
- The authors hope to stimulate important
conversations about the complexities of heritage and identity.
Historical Context of Racial
Inequality in UK
The text discusses the
historical and ongoing racial inequalities faced by Black communities in the
UK, particularly in the cultural heritage sector.
- Increased visibility of Black communities in
the UK during the 1950s highlighted the dependency of British identity on
marginalization.
- The working class often defined itself by
marginalizing its own members of color.
- Caribbean immigrants faced both racial and
class discrimination, leading to a unique cultural expression that
challenged existing norms.
- Stuart Hall's work emphasized the need for
cultural spaces that reflect Black British experiences and histories.
Impact of the 'Whose Heritage?'
Conference
The 'Whose Heritage?' conference
aimed to address racial inequalities in the cultural heritage sector and
promote inclusivity.
- Stuart Hall's keynote emphasized the need to
integrate marginalized voices into the national narrative.
- He identified the need for resource
redirection and tackling institutional resistance to achieve meaningful
change.
- The conference highlighted the importance of
capturing migrant experiences to enrich cultural narratives.
Progress and Challenges from
1999 to 2009
The decade following the
conference saw limited progress in addressing racial inequalities in the
cultural heritage sector.
- Initiatives included exhibitions and funding
for Black community projects, but many were unsustainable.
- Only £76 million of Heritage Lottery funding
was allocated to Black projects out of over £4 billion.
- The departure of Black staff from cultural
institutions due to restructuring and institutional racism was noted.
- Key barriers included lack of leadership,
accountability, and diversity in governance.
Developments in the Cultural
Heritage Sector (2009-2019)
The second decade saw a mix of
superficial changes and ongoing challenges in racial equality within cultural
institutions.
- Events like Brexit and the Black Lives Matter
movement brought racial inequalities to the forefront.
- Interviews with cultural sector employees
revealed a consensus that progress was modest and uncoordinated.
- Positive developments included the appointment
of Black senior staff and the establishment of networks like Museum Detox.
- However, many initiatives were criticized as
lacking depth and failing to create lasting change.
Barriers to Racial Equality in
Cultural Institutions
Institutional racism and
systemic barriers continue to hinder progress in achieving racial equality in
the cultural heritage sector.
- Black respondents identified institutional
racism as a major barrier, particularly in governance and personnel
policies.
- Boards were often unrepresentative, lacking
diversity and understanding of the communities they serve.
- Poor human resource practices and a lack of
anti-racist policies contributed to ongoing discrimination.
- The workplace culture was described as toxic,
with instances of both overt and subtle racism.
Future Aspirations for Racial
Equality
Participants expressed a mix of
cautious optimism and radical aspirations for future changes in the cultural
heritage sector.
- The Black Lives Matter movement was seen as a
catalyst for change, prompting calls for more proactive measures.
- White participants suggested reformist
approaches, while Black participants advocated for radical structural
changes.
- There was concern that momentum from recent
protests might wane without sustained action and commitment.
- The need for accountability and genuine
engagement with Black communities was emphasized for future progress.
Cultural Heritage Sector and
Racial Inequality
The cultural heritage sector in
the UK has made some progress in addressing racial inequalities, but
significant challenges and institutional racism persist.
- Diversity initiatives have been implemented
over the last decade to address racial inequalities.
- There has been an increase in Black
appointments at senior levels and engagement in programming.
- Both Black and white respondents feel that
progress is insufficient to eliminate institutional racism.
- Concerns from previous reports (2003-2009)
regarding racial inequities remain relevant today.
- Initiatives are often not integrated into
long-term strategies and lack adequate funding.
- Black employees are often brought in at the
last stage of projects, leading to a disconnect in understanding cultural
diversity.
- Investment in training programs is high, but
funds could be better allocated to create jobs for Black staff.
- The sector's progress over 20 years is not
commensurate with the ongoing racial inequities faced by Black
communities.
Need for Systemic Change in
Heritage
An abolitionist approach is
necessary to dismantle existing structures and create a new anti-racist model
in the cultural heritage sector.
- Systemic reformist approaches have not been
effective in addressing racial inequalities for three decades.
- An abolitionist approach involves
deconstructing existing narratives and processes to allow for new,
accurate histories.
- The demand for this approach has been
longstanding and was notably promoted during the 2007 Bicentenary of the
Abolition of the Slave Trade Act.
- Cultural agencies must engage in genuine
partnerships with Black communities for impactful change.
- Transparent accountability and regular
reporting to governmental bodies are essential for progress.
- New leaders with anti-racist competencies are
critical to combat complacency in the sector.
Historical Context of British
Heritage
British heritage has been shaped
by internal tensions and the legacy of imperialism, complicating the narrative
of a unified national identity.
- The conflation of British and English
identities has historical roots in the colonization of Britain and the
British Empire.
- The notion of a culturally homogeneous Britain
is a recent development that overlooks internal divisions.
- The celebration of the British Empire often
ignores its violent and exploitative history.
- The 1990s saw a rise in English nationalism,
culminating in events like Brexit.
- Hall's work emphasizes that national identity
is an ongoing project, constantly under construction.
The Impact of Imperialism on
Heritage Objects
The status and interpretation of
heritage objects in museums are deeply intertwined with colonial histories and
practices of looting.
- Objects in museum collections often represent
imperial hoarding rather than legitimate collecting.
- The Benin Bronzes serve as a prominent example
of objects acquired through colonial violence and looting.
- Recent movements for restitution highlight the
need to address the historical injustices associated with these objects.
- Museums often fail to provide adequate context
for the violent histories behind their collections, leading to epistemic
violence.
- The interpretation of objects can perpetuate
disinheritance and silence regarding their origins and significance.
Contemporary Art and Heritage
Reimagining
Contemporary art can play a
crucial role in addressing colonial legacies and redefining heritage practices.
- Hall advocates for a contemporary art that
challenges traditional narratives and engages with the colonial past.
- The focus should shift from preserving
historical objects to creating new works that reflect diverse experiences.
- Artists like Kara Walker exemplify how
contemporary practices can interrogate and reinterpret heritage.
- The need for adaptability in heritage
practices is essential to reflect the complexities of modern society.
Kara Walker's Artistic
Exploration of Colonialism
Kara Walker's work addresses
themes of race, gender, and colonial violence through ephemeral installations
and sculptures.
- Walker is known for her exploration of race,
gender, sexuality, and identity since the mid-1990s.
- Her practice critiques the preservation of art
objects and the historical narratives surrounding colonial violence.
- Walker's notable work, "Fons
Americanus," was created for the Turbine Hall at Tate Modern in 2019.
- The title "Fons Americanus" plays on
the Latin word for fountain and references the cultural group Fon from
Benin, linking to the Benin Bronzes.
- The installation critiques the imperialist
narratives of monuments like the Victoria Memorial in London.
Fons Americanus: A Critical
Installation
"Fons Americanus"
serves as a commentary on the historical trauma of colonialism and the
complexities of heritage.
- The installation is a 13-meter-tall working
fountain made from cork, metal, and Jesmonite.
- It symbolizes life and purification but also
references violence, death, and resistance against oppression.
- Key figures in the sculpture include The
Captain, representing Black resistance leaders, and a Black Venus figure.
- The fountain evokes the Middle Passage and the
history of slavery, connecting to artworks like J.M.W. Turner’s
"Slave Ship."
- Walker's work critiques the limitations of
traditional heritage objects and the need for new interpretations of
history.
Black Lives Matter and Heritage
Politics
The timing of "Fons
Americanus" coincided with significant global discussions on race and
heritage, particularly during the Black Lives Matter movement.
- The installation's relevance intensified
following the murder of George Floyd and subsequent protests against
racial injustice.
- Walker's work responds to the legacy of Queen
Victoria and the British Empire's role in the Transatlantic Slave Trade.
- The exhibition sparked debates about the
future of monuments and the representation of colonial histories in public
spaces.
- Curators emphasized the importance of
addressing the historical narratives surrounding imperialist statues.
Transience and Ephemerality in
Art
Walker’s use of ephemeral
materials in her sculptures critiques the traditional notions of heritage and
preservation.
- Walker's large-scale sculptures, like
"Fons Americanus," are made from non-permanent materials and
have been destroyed after the exhibition.
- The impermanence of her work challenges the
reliability of historical objects as truths.
- Walker's art emphasizes the need to reconsider
what is preserved in museums and the narratives that accompany these
objects.
- The dissolution of her sculptures serves as a
reminder of the fragility of history and the importance of oral
traditions.
Historical Methods and Heritage
Dynamics
The chapter discusses how
historical methodologies influence the representation of marginalized voices in
heritage.
- It critiques the power dynamics in
history-writing and how they affect societal perceptions of belonging.
- The author examines the valorization of
certain histories over others, particularly regarding migration and
women's roles.
URA 3
Faktor dalam
pembaharuan bandar yang menyumbang kepada anjakan ketidakadilan dan penyahan
struktur Masyarakat Madani itu sendiri.
Beberapa faktor biasa
dalam dasar dan projek pembaharuan bandar dikritik kerana menyebabkan
perpindahan masyarakat berpendapatan rendah:
Mengurangkan ambang
persetujuan: Di sesetengah negara, seperti Malaysia, Akta Pembaharuan Bandar
yang dicadangkan telah mencetuskan kontroversi kerana menurunkan kebenaran yang
diperlukan daripada pemilik hartanah untuk pembangunan semula. Dengan membenarkan
majoriti mengatasi minoriti yang tidak bersetuju, dasar sedemikian boleh
memaksa penduduk yang tidak mahu menjual harta mereka. Malah adanya elemen
paksaan olih yang berkuasa untuk memberikan hak pegambilan alih hartanah pada
peratusan yang setuju yang majoriti. Hak minoriti yang tidak bersetuju dipaksa
akur. Ini bukan amalan demokrasi yang benar, lebih kepada alaman sosialist dan
komunis. Inilah yang berlaku kepada perumahan lama Kg Sg Baru, Kuala Lumpur.
Bila sahaja tahap persetujuan memcapai 70% pemaju pun tanpa segan silu terus
menceroboh hak -hak yang tidak bersetuju.
Pengambilan tanah dan
pampasan: Umumnya berpendapat bahawa pampasan untuk tanah dalam pembangunan
semula selalunya diserahkan kepada penilai yang dilantik oleh kerajaan dan
mungkin tidak mencerminkan kadar pasaran, menyebabkan pemilik hartanah
berpendapatan rendah mempunyai kuasa tawar-menawar yang kecil. Keadaan ini
boleh mengakibatkan pengambilan tanah yang tidak adil dan pengusiran paksa.
Projek didorong oleh
pemaju: Apabila pembangunan semula didorong oleh pemaju swasta dan bukannya
agensi awam, ia boleh mengutamakan keuntungan berbanding keperluan komuniti.
Ini boleh membawa kepada perobohan rumah mampu milik dan digantikan dengan unit
mewah, memenuhi keperluan penduduk yang lebih kaya dan mempercepatkan
gentrifikasi atau proses di mana penduduk kawasan bandar yang miskin diganti
oleh orang yang lebih kaya yang berpindah, menambah baik perumahan, dan menarik
perniagaan baharu, sering menggantikan penduduk semasa dalam proses itu. Mengabaikan
konteks sosial dan sejarah: Dasar yang tertumpu terutamanya pada umur atau
keadaan bangunan gagal mengambil kira struktur sosial, etnik dan budaya
masyarakat. Pendekatan ini boleh memadamkan warisan kejiranan dan menggantikan
populasi berakar sejarah.
Akibat kepada penduduk
berpendapatan rendah
Apabila dasar
pembaharuan bandar membawa kepada perpindahan, kumpulan berpendapatan rendah
sering menghadapi akibat negatif yang teruk:
Kesusahan ekonomi:
Dipaksa keluar dari rumah mereka, keluarga berpendapatan rendah sering ditolak
ke kawasan kejiranan berpendapatan rendah dan kurang sumber. Ini boleh
memburukkan keadaan kewangan mereka dan menghalang mobiliti ekonomi mereka.
Gangguan komuniti:
Penempatan semula secara paksa boleh mengganggu rangkaian sosial yang mantap
dan perpaduan komuniti, kerana penduduk kehilangan jiran dan sistem sokongan
mereka yang telah lama.
Kepadatan kemiskinan:
Perpindahan penduduk berpendapatan rendah dari pusat bandar yang digiatkan
semula boleh membawa kepada peningkatan penumpuan kemiskinan di lokasi baharu,
apabila orang yang dipindahkan berpindah ke kawasan kejiranan miskin yang lain.
Hakisan budaya: Projek
pembaharuan bandar yang tidak mengutamakan pemeliharaan budaya boleh
menyebabkan kehilangan watak dan identiti unik kejiranan, yang sering dikaitkan
dengan penduduk jangka panjangnya.
Mengurangkan anjakan
dalam pembaharuan bandar
Sesetengah perancang
bandar dan penggubal dasar menyokong strategi untuk menjadikan pembangunan
semula lebih saksama dan mencegah perpindahan:
Perancangan
berfokuskan komuniti: Libatkan penduduk dan perniagaan tempatan dalam proses
perancangan untuk memastikan perspektif yang pelbagai dipertimbangkan.
Utamakan rumah mampu
milik: Peruntukkan sumber untuk rumah mampu milik untuk mengelakkan perpindahan
dan menggalakkan kesaksamaan sosial.
Strategi pembaharuan
di tapak: Daripada memindahkan penduduk, laksanakan strategi untuk menggiatkan
semula dan menambah baik penempatan berpendapatan rendah di tempat.
Pembangunan pendapatan
campuran: Mengintegrasikan jenis perumahan yang berbeza, termasuk unit mampu
milik, ke dalam projek pembangunan semula untuk menggalakkan kepelbagaian
sosial.
Mengukuhkan
perlindungan undang-undang: Wujudkan perlindungan undang-undang yang lebih
kukuh untuk penyewa dan pemilik rumah untuk memastikan pampasan yang adil dan
proses yang wajar dalam kes pembangunan semula.
Wednesday, August 20, 2025
Stop Whining and Stop Explaining